The two largest categories of cells-prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells-are defined by major differences in several cell structures. These include cytoplasm (a gel-like substance composed of water and dissolved chemicals needed for growth), which is contained within a plasma membrane (also called a cell membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) one or more chromosomes, which contain the genetic blueprints of the cell and ribosomes, organelles used for the production of proteins.īeyond these basic components, cells can vary greatly between organisms, and even within the same multicellular organism. At the simplest level of construction, all cells possess a few fundamental components. However, cells vary significantly in size, shape, structure, and function. Compare the distinguishing characteristics of bacterial and archaeal cellsĬell theory states that the cell is the fundamental unit of life.Describe internal and external structures of prokaryotic cells in terms of their physical structure, chemical structure, and function.Describe common cell morphologies and cellular arrangements typical of prokaryotic cells and explain how cells maintain their morphology.Explain the distinguishing characteristics of prokaryotic cells.
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